Essential Earthquake and Tsunami Preparedness for Your Trip to Japan

Japan lies in one of the world's most seismically active regions, on the so-called Ring of Fire. For many visitors, the thought of an earthquake can be unsettling, particularly for those who, like Japansophy, have experienced their destructive power firsthand. It is not our intention with this article to scare you or put you off visiting Japan: we want to share some practical knowledge and proactive steps to put your mind at rest and keep you safe.

Jump to:

(1) Get prepared before your trip

(2) Take a few precautionary steps in Japan

(3) What to do during an earthquake

(4) What to do immediately after an earthquake

(5) Japan earthquake FAQs

The Great Hanshin Earthquake of 1995 devastated the city of Kobe

While the precise prediction of earthquakes remains beyond current scientific capabilities, understanding the risks and implementing simple precautions can significantly enhance your safety and peace of mind. Japan is, in fact, one of the safest places globally to be during an earthquake, primarily due to its rigorous building codes and highly developed disaster preparedness systems. Yet, personal readiness remains a vital component of a secure visit.

Before your trip to Japan: get prepped

Preparation begins long before you set foot in Narita airport. These preliminary steps can establish a critical safety net.

Mobile phone settings and Japan earthquake and tsunami warning system

Your mobile phone can be an invaluable tool in an emergency. Ensure its settings are optimised for receiving emergency alerts. Japan has a sophisticated public earthquake early warning system that broadcasts alerts for earthquakes and tsunamis, often directly to mobile phones. Familiarise yourself with how to enable these alerts on your specific device. Additionally, designate emergency contacts who can be notified in your home country. Crucially, ensure your phone has essential medical information readily accessible, such as allergies, pre-existing conditions, or medications. This can be done via medical ID features on smartphones.

Consider downloading a dedicated earthquake early warning application, such as "Yurekuru Call." This app, popular in Japan, provides advance notice of impending tremors, allowing for a few precious seconds to take cover. While a few seconds may seem negligible, they can be vital for moving to a safer location or taking protective action.

Embassy/consulate registration

For citizens of some countries, it is possible and highly advisable to register your travel plans with your respective embassy or consulate in Japan. This allows them to know your whereabouts in the event of a major disaster and can facilitate communication or assistance if needed. Check your country's foreign affairs website for specific guidelines on travel registration.

Tangible emergency information

 

While digital information is convenient, relying solely on it can be risky if your device battery dies or network services are disrupted. Have important phone numbers, including those of your accommodation, emergency contacts, and your embassy, written down on paper. Download and print out the little emergency card from Japansophy’s “Resources” page. Fill out this card and keep it tucked securely into your wallet, passport holder, or phone case, ensuring it is readily accessible to first responders if you are unable to communicate.

Strategic accommodation choices

While Japan boasts extremely stringent earthquake building codes for modern structures, the vulnerability of older buildings, particularly those constructed before 1981, cannot be overstated. Previous earthquakes in Japan, for example the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake in Kobe in 1995, have tragically demonstrated the susceptibility of many older concrete and wooden structures to severe damage or collapse. Wooden structures are also very susceptible to fire.

When selecting accommodation, particularly AirBnBs, exercise caution. Don’t be shy about asking potential hosts about the age and construction of the building and prioritise properties in buildings constructed after 1981, as these adhere to the "Shin-taishin" (new earthquake resistant) standards, which are designed to withstand even very strong tremors without collapse. Older buildings were built to "Kyu-taishin" (old earthquake resistant) standards, which offered less protection against severe seismic activity. While some older buildings may have undergone seismic retrofitting, it is not a universal practice for all privately owned or smaller structures. Opting for newer, purpose-built hotels or apartments generally provides a greater degree of confidence in structural integrity during an earthquake.

Travel insurance: safeguarding your peace of mind

One often overlooked yet essential aspect of earthquake preparedness is ensuring that your travel insurance provides comprehensive coverage for natural disasters. While Japan’s infrastructure and emergency systems are highly reliable, even a moderate earthquake can cause temporary transport disruptions, hotel closures, or flight cancellations. A well-structured policy should therefore include protection not only for medical expenses in the event of injury but also for trip interruptions, cancellations, or the cost of rebooking accommodation and transport. Carefully read the fine print of your policy to confirm that earthquakes and related events are not excluded under the “force majeure” clause, as some budget travel insurance plans may have such limitations. It is also advisable to keep digital and printed copies of your policy and emergency contact numbers accessible during your trip.

While in Japan: a few precautionary steps

Once you are in Japan, maintaining a conscious awareness of earthquake preparedness integrates seamlessly into your daily routine.

Power and communication: 

Keep your mobile devices, including portable power banks, fully charged at all times. In the aftermath of a significant earthquake, power outages are common, and charged devices can be crucial for communication and accessing information.

Hydration and cash: 

Always keep at least one bottle of water readily available in your hotel room. Access to clean water can be compromised temporarily following a major event. Similarly, carry some cash on hand. While Japan is increasingly cashless, ATMs or card readers may become inoperable or inaccessible during power outages or infrastructure damage.

Hotel room safety protocol: 

When you move into your hotel room, take a moment to look around with an “earthquake eye”. Crucially, avoid placing any heavy objects on shelves or furniture located directly above your bed, since these can fall on you during an earthquake. Avoid placing breakable objects like cups or glasses where they could fall and shatter.

Locate the emergency exit route for your specific room and floor (you’ll find it on the back of the door); familiarising yourself with the quickest path to safety is paramount. Most hotels in Japan provide a flashlight in your room – usually mounted on a wall near the door or in a bedside drawer. Know its exact location and how to operate it, as power failures will plunge rooms into darkness.

Also make sure that your exit path from the room is always clear of any obstructions. It might be tempting due to a lack of space, but don’t place suitcases, bags, or shoes directly in front of the door, as they could prevent you from making a swift exit in an emergency. At night, before going to sleep, make sure your phone, passport, wallet, and shoes are placed in an easily accessible spot where you can quickly grab them if you need to evacuate in a hurry.

Airbnb specifics: If you are staying in an Airbnb, especially if it is in a residential building, take the time to locate the gas shut-off valve. In the event of an earthquake, it is critical to turn off the main gas supply to prevent fires, which are a common secondary hazard after earthquakes. If unsure, ask your host for instructions.

During an earthquake: immediate actions for safety

Should an earthquake strike, your immediate actions are crucial.

Drop, cover, hold on: 

If you are indoors, your primary action should be to "Drop, Cover, and Hold On." Drop to the ground immediately. Take cover under a sturdy table, desk, or other piece of furniture. Protect your head and neck with your arms. If no sturdy cover is available, drop to an inside corner of the room, away from windows, and cover your head and neck. Hold onto to something sturdy to stop yourself from being thrown around by violent tremors.

Opening doors: 

If it is possible to do so without exposing yourself to potential injury, quickly open the nearest door to the room you are in. This is a crucial step because earthquake-induced shaking can warp doorframes, causing doors to jam and preventing escape after the shaking subsides.

Public transport: 

If you are on a train or bus, remain seated if possible and "Drop, Cover, Hold On." Follow any instructions given by the public transport staff. Trains in Japan are equipped with emergency braking systems that activate automatically during seismic activity, bringing the train to a halt. Remain calm and await instructions.

Avoid rushing outside: 

Do not attempt to run outside during an earthquake. This is a common but dangerous instinct. You are far more likely to be injured by falling glass, masonry, signage, or other debris if you are outdoors during the shaking. Stay inside until the shaking stops and it is safe to exit.

Stay away from hazardous structures: 

If you find yourself outdoors when an earthquake hits, move quickly to an open area away from any structures that could collapse, such as buildings, walls, utility poles, or streetlights.

Older buildings are especially susceptible to damage during an earthquake

After an earthquake

The period immediately following an earthquake also requires careful action.

Evacuation and safety checks: 

Once the shaking has stopped, do not use elevators. Always take the stairs to evacuate buildings. Before leaving your accommodation, if you are in an Airbnb or an apartment with gas supply, immediately switch off the main gas valve to mitigate fire risk.

Exiting buildings with caution: 

Exit buildings cautiously. Be acutely aware of potential aftershocks, which can occur minutes, hours, or even days after the main earthquake. Watch for falling debris, damaged infrastructure, or potential hazards in your path.

Tsunami awareness in coastal areas: 

If you are in a coastal area and a strong earthquake occurs, particularly if you feel a long, rolling motion or receive a tsunami warning, head immediately for higher ground without delay. Do not wait for official evacuation orders, as a tsunami can arrive very quickly after a powerful offshore earthquake. Follow designated tsunami evacuation routes if they are marked.

FAQ: Earthquake preparedness for travellers in Japan

How common are earthquakes in Japan, and should I be worried?

Earthquakes occur frequently in Japan, but the vast majority are too small to notice. The country’s strict building codes and advanced warning systems make it one of the safest places in the world to experience seismic activity. Awareness, not anxiety, is key — understanding what to do simply helps you stay calm and confident.

What should I do if an earthquake happens while I’m indoors?

Follow the Drop, Cover, Hold On principle: drop to the ground, take cover under a sturdy table or desk, and protect your head and neck. Stay indoors until the shaking stops — running outside increases the risk of injury from falling debris.

Will my phone automatically alert me to earthquakes?

Most modern smartphones in Japan receive emergency alerts automatically, but it’s worth checking your settings. You can also install the free app Yurekuru Call, which provides early warnings of tremors and tsunamis in your area.

How can I tell if my accommodation is earthquake-safe?

Choose buildings constructed after 1981, which comply with Japan’s modern “Shin-taishin” (new earthquake-resistant) standards. Don’t hesitate to ask your host or hotel about the building’s construction year or safety features.

Does travel insurance cover earthquake-related issues?

Only if your policy specifies it. Look for coverage that includes natural disasters, medical emergencies, and trip disruptions caused by earthquakes. Double-check for exclusions under “force majeure” and keep a copy of your policy details handy during your trip.

Is it safe to travel to Japan after an earthquake?

It really depends on the circumstances. If there has just been a strong earthquake in Hokkaido but you are flying into Osaka and have no plans to visit northern Japan, there is no reason to cancel your trip. Japan is so used to earthquakes that even a relatively major, magnitude 6 earthquake might cause no more than minor damage to buildings and a few hours of transport delays. But earthquakes that cause more serious damage are likely to disrupt your trip and even put you at risk (because of aftershocks, subsequent landslides), so you'd be advised to call in that travel insurance and put your trip off for a while.

Preparedness, not fear

The reality is that no area in Japan is completely safe from earthquakes; it is an inherent geological feature of the archipelago. However, it is precisely because of this reality that Japan has arguably become the safest place in the world to be in the event of an earthquake. The country's strict building regulations, advanced early warning systems, and a high level of public preparedness and education are unparalleled globally. Just prepare sensibly for your trip, stay aware and stay safe.

Have you ever experienced an earthquake in Japan? Do you have any questions or concerns about an earthquake happening during your Japan trip? Let us know in the comments.